Trustworthy Healthcare Provider: Difference between revisions

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==Full Title or Meme==
==Full Title or Meme==
There are two contexts where [[Trustworthy Healthcare Provider]] is defined and so there are two memes that it covers:
There are two contexts where [[Trustworthy Healthcare Provider]] is defined and so there are two memes that it covers (perhaps these two classes are isomorphic):
# Providers that share trust among themselves to know that [https://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=PHI Protected Health Information (PHI)] can be shared as the correspondent is a recognized HIPAA-covered entity.
# Providers that share trust among themselves to know that [https://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=PHI Protected Health Information (PHI)] can be shared as the correspondent is a recognized HIPAA-covered entity.
# Providers that may be trusted by patients (or other end users) with their PHI with their [[UXC Dictionary|Consent]].
# Providers that may be trusted by patients (or other end users) with their PHI and their [[UXC Dictionary|Consent]] as to permitted use.
===Goals===
===Goals===
# [[IDEF Registry|Trust Registry]] of IDEF (Trusted Identifiers in Cyberspace) for healthcare industry in US.
# [[IDEF Registry|Trust Registry]] of IDEF (Trusted Identifiers in Cyberspace) for healthcare industry in US that is available to all inquiries at any time at low latency and at no cost to occasional users.


==Context==
==Context==
Line 21: Line 21:
# Patient - is the person receiving care and the one that "owns" the rights to the information. (In some cases the patient allows other users access to their PHI.)
# Patient - is the person receiving care and the one that "owns" the rights to the information. (In some cases the patient allows other users access to their PHI.)
# Patient Support - is source of the user phone or computer and the code running on the user's phone or computer. It is trusted to protect the patient's credentials and medical records from disclosure.
# Patient Support - is source of the user phone or computer and the code running on the user's phone or computer. It is trusted to protect the patient's credentials and medical records from disclosure.
# Covered Entities - Any entities that is covered by HIPAA rules including the places that a patient goes for  medical care. They will all be recognized as such in the digital world by virtue of trust certificates. Some of these will perform [[Identity Proofing]]. The services that they provide are listed below.
# Covered Entities (called providers below) - Any entities that is covered by HIPAA rules including the places that a patient goes for  medical care. They will all be recognized as such in the digital world by virtue of trust certificates. Many of these will perform [[Identity Proofing]]. All will provide evidence that a user is accepted as a patient at the entity to any other registered covered entity. (For the [[Record Locator Service]].) The services that they provide are listed below.


===Names use within the Ecosystem===
===Names use within the Ecosystem===
Line 29: Line 29:
# Specific physical location where service was provided to a patient. (eg Pine Lake Office of Swedish Physicians) (aka POP - point of presence)
# Specific physical location where service was provided to a patient. (eg Pine Lake Office of Swedish Physicians) (aka POP - point of presence)
# Endpoint were a specified digital service is provided. (eg A url consisting of: DNS scheme: host name: port number / service name # information provided by user)
# Endpoint were a specified digital service is provided. (eg A url consisting of: DNS scheme: host name: port number / service name # information provided by user)
# Specific person providing the service.
## The endpoints of particular interest to the user are the PHI records location and the place where appointments are made and calendars kept.
# PHI processing entity (eg Epic)


==Problems==
==Problems==
Line 36: Line 39:
** When a physician makes a referral they typical send the relevant information relating to that condition (with patient consent).
** When a physician makes a referral they typical send the relevant information relating to that condition (with patient consent).
** When a patient creates information on their own, or with medical devices in the home they need a secure manner to share that data.
** When a patient creates information on their own, or with medical devices in the home they need a secure manner to share that data.
* It is hard to describe the scope of data in a manner that can be understood by most patients. It is expected that such a list should have between 5 and 12 entries ONLY.
* Patients have these needs that must be addressed by the ecosystem:
# Redress of grievances - usually data that is incorrect, mislabeled (as to severity) - It must be clear to the patient where to go for redress of any data in the EHR.
# Recovery of access - usually loss of access to one or more EHR - access to the record locator service might be the best place to address.
# Determining current state of consent grants and changing them.
Several of the above items might be distributed across a range of providers. That will mean, for example, that the place to go for redress might well depend on the data source. While consent grants might be tracked in the user agent. Altho the problem with tracking in the user agent may not agree with the understanding of the provider.


==Solutions==
==Solutions==
===Relational Trust===
The definition of (relational) trust is to believe in the honesty and reliability of someone or an entity you have known over time, made a good faith effort to live up to an agreement to fulfill their commitment, be it a contract or handshake agreement. ‘Trust’ is a transnational catalyst, the chemistry that initiates an interaction and reaction if not abused. (So that the trust expressed as "known to the practice" can be transmitted to other participants.)


===Online Trust===
===Online Trust===
Line 59: Line 64:
** We need the ability to create a consent receipt for moving medical records from one provider to another provider.
** We need the ability to create a consent receipt for moving medical records from one provider to another provider.


===Bindings===
===Data Categorization===
* In a digital world binding are formalized with a cryptographic key signing a document that associates one entity with a collection of keys and attributes. For example the X.509 certificate.
[https://www.hl7.org/fhir/v3/InformationSensitivityPolicy/vs.html FHIR v4] has 41 categories and 6 levels of sensitivity. We might start the six levels to see if they would be sufficient to handle the needs of the users.
* For the organization the trust anchor (described in federation below) works.
 
* For the patient some sort of private credentials are required for a formalized binding process. If the patient's credentials are well protected they can be used with an authentication protocol to prove that the patient is present for an on-line interaction.
{|border="1" padding="2" width="888px"
* The binding is then between the patient and the protected key pair. The public part of the key pair is, in effect, an identifier of the patient.
| sev|| Name||  Definitions
* Bindings can be used to assure that any part of the system remains in the state that was known to be secure. For example, software should have a way to let any communicating party know who is controlling the interaction. Devices should all be able to make a secure statement about itself. It is also desirable for an instance of an app on a device to have a unique and secure identifier. This instance represents the life-cycle of that software on that device, not just the running instance at a moment in time. Even more trivially, each communication session should be conducted over HTTPS which will also be bound to the key that was used in interchanging secure messages.
|-
* Note that the patient may be considered to be bound to their medical records, but that is an organizational relationship that is core to the patient matching problem. While it is not feasible for a medical record to have an identifier (index key) that is itself cryptographically bound to the patient given current US law, it is possible to include cryptographically bound identifiers in the medical record.
| L ||low|| the information has been de-identified, and there are mitigating circumstances that prevent re-identification, which minimize risk of harm from unauthorized disclosure. The information requires protection to maintain low sensitivity.
* The user agent will typically also create a binding between the subject and any service provider indicated the consent granted by the subject to the provider. In most cases the subject will have the ability to dissolve the binding and withdraw the consent. Contract law may override this ability to withdraw consent in some cases.
Examples: Includes anonymized, pseudonymized, or non-personally identifiable information such as HIPAA limited data sets.
Map: No clear map to ISO 13606-4 Sensitivity Level (1) Care Management: RECORD_COMPONENTs that might need to be accessed by a wide range of administrative staff to manage the subject of care's access to health services.
Usage Note: This metadata indicates the receiver may have an obligation to comply with a data use agreement.
|-
| M||moderate||moderately sensitive information, which presents moderate risk of harm if disclosed without authorization.
Examples: Includes allergies of non-sensitive nature used inform food service; health information a patient authorizes to be used for marketing, released to a bank for a health credit card or savings account; or information in personal health record systems that are not governed under health privacy laws.
Map: Partial Map to ISO 13606-4 Sensitivity Level (2) Clinical Management: Less sensitive RECORD_COMPONENTs that might need to be accessed by a wider range of personnel not all of whom are actively caring for the patient (e.g. radiology staff).
Usage Note: This metadata indicates that the receiver may be obligated to comply with the receiver's terms of use or privacy policies.
|-
| N||normal||  the information is typical, non-stigmatizing health information, which presents typical risk of harm if disclosed without authorization.
Examples: In the US, this includes what HIPAA identifies as the minimum necessary protected health information (PHI) given a covered purpose of use (treatment, payment, or operations). Includes typical, non-stigmatizing health information disclosed in an application for health, workers compensation, disability, or life insurance.
Map: Partial Map to ISO 13606-4 Sensitivity Level (3) Clinical Care: Default for normal clinical care access (i.e. most clinical staff directly caring for the patient should be able to access nearly all of the EHR). Maps to normal confidentiality for treatment information but not to ancillary care, payment and operations.
Usage Note: This metadata indicates that the receiver may be obligated to comply with applicable jurisdictional privacy law or disclosure authorization.
|-
| R|| restricted|| highly sensitive, potentially stigmatizing information, which presents a high risk to the information subject if disclosed without authorization. May be pre-empted by jurisdictional law, e.g., for public health reporting or emergency treatment.
Examples: Includes information that is additionally protected such as sensitive conditions mental health, HIV, substance abuse, domestic violence, child abuse, genetic disease, and reproductive health; or sensitive demographic information such as a patient's standing as an employee or a celebrity. May be used to indicate proprietary or classified information that is not related to an individual, e.g., secret ingredients in a therapeutic substance; or the name of a manufacturer.
Map: Partial Map to ISO 13606-4 Sensitivity Level (3) Clinical Care: Default for normal clinical care access (i.e. most clinical staff directly caring for the patient should be able to access nearly all of the EHR). Maps to normal confidentiality for treatment information but not to ancillary care, payment and operations..
Usage Note: This metadata indicates that the receiver may be obligated to comply with applicable, prevailing (default) jurisdictional privacy law or disclosure authorization..
|-
|  U|| unrestricted|| the information is not classified as sensitive.
Examples: Includes publicly available information, e.g., business name, phone, email or physical address.
Usage Note: This metadata indicates that the receiver has no obligation to consider additional policies when making access control decisions. Note that in some jurisdictions, personally identifiable information must be protected as confidential, so it would not be appropriate to assign a confidentiality code of "unrestricted" to that information even if it is publicly available.
|-
| V ||very restricted || the information is extremely sensitive and likely stigmatizing health information that presents a very high risk if disclosed without authorization. This information must be kept in the highest confidence.
Examples: Includes information about a victim of abuse, patient requested information sensitivity, and taboo subjects relating to health status that must be discussed with the patient by an attending provider before sharing with the patient. May also include information held under 'legal lock' or attorney-client privilege. This metadata indicates that the receiver may not disclose this information except as directed by the information custodian, who may be the information subject.
|-
|}


===Record Matching===
===Record Matching===
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The order and extent of these items is currently arbitrary and pending review by industry experts.
The order and extent of these items is currently arbitrary and pending review by industry experts.
# Approve broad plan for proceeding.
# Approve broad plan for proceeding.
#
# Collect sources of names in the US Healthcare industry today.
# Collect the best practices for names in other industries or standards groups.
# Identify gaps, one specific one is the lack of any taxonomy of data types for the user, as opposed to the ones used by the providers and payers.
# Fill the gaps


==References==
==References==
Line 93: Line 127:
*[[Trust Framework Membership Validation ]] describes the API to establish trust
*[[Trust Framework Membership Validation ]] describes the API to establish trust
*[[Consent to Create Binding]] describes the api message to be sent by the user device to the [[Credential Service Provider]]
*[[Consent to Create Binding]] describes the api message to be sent by the user device to the [[Credential Service Provider]]
*[[Trustworthy Healthcare Ecosystem]] (this document)
*[[Trustworthy Healthcare Ecosystem]] (Describes the scope of this document)


===External References===
===External References===
Line 108: Line 142:
*[https://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Medical_Records_Identifier Medical Records Identifier]
*[https://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Medical_Records_Identifier Medical Records Identifier]
*[https://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Patient_Experience Patient Experience]
*[https://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Patient_Experience Patient Experience]
*[https://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=PHI Patient Health Information - PHI]
*[https://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=PHI Patient (or Protected) Health Information - PHI]
*[https://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=TEFCA TEFCA], Trusted Exchange Framework and Common Agreement for an FHIR interaction with the transfer of PHI between Secure Nodes
*[https://digital.nhs.uk/services/health-and-social-care-network The UK HSCN Internet Access Form] In the UK only known sites are permitted to handle health information.<blockquote>The HSCN Internet Access Form has replaced the Data Security Centre (DSC) HSCN ANME Firewall Change Request Form. The form can be used if your CNSP has advised you are trying to access something that has been blacklisted, the port you are trying to access is not an allowed any/any port or you had access to a site on the Transition Network (previously N3) however you do not have the same access on HSCN.</blockquote>
<blockquote>The TEF Draft 2 supports the Cures Act’s goal of advancing nationwide interoperability and is a key component of HHS’ and the Administration’s broader strategy to facilitate nationwide interoperability. HINs must agree on a minimum set of principles that enable trust in order to facilitate interoperability and the exchange of EHI necessary to support the entire care continuum. The TEF Draft 2 establishes a uniform set of principles that all HINs should adhere to allow for the trusted and secure electronic exchange of health information. Adherence to these principles will help improve the flow of EHI, providing patients with secure access to their information when and where they need it most.</blockquote>
*[https://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=TEFCA TEFCA], Trusted Exchange Framework and Common Agreement for an FHIR interaction with the transfer of PHI between Secure Nodes<blockquote>The TEF Draft 2 supports the Cures Act’s goal of advancing nationwide interoperability and is a key component of HHS’ and the Administration’s broader strategy to facilitate nationwide interoperability. HINs must agree on a minimum set of principles that enable trust in order to facilitate interoperability and the exchange of EHI necessary to support the entire care continuum. The TEF Draft 2 establishes a uniform set of principles that all HINs should adhere to allow for the trusted and secure electronic exchange of health information. Adherence to these principles will help improve the flow of EHI, providing patients with secure access to their information when and where they need it most.</blockquote>
 
* Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300jj) Health Care Provider Definition<blockquote>The term “health care provider” includes a hospital, skilled nursing facility, nursing facility, home health entity or other long term care facility, health care clinic, community mental health center (as defined in section 300x–2(b)(1) of this title), renal dialysis facility, blood center, ambulatory surgical center described in section 1395l(i) of this title, emergency medical services provider, Federally qualified health center, group practice, a pharmacist, a pharmacy, a laboratory, a physician (as defined in section 1395x(r) of this title), a practitioner (as described in section 1395u(b)(18)(C) of this title), a provider operated by, or under contract with, the Indian Health Service or by an Indian tribe (as defined in the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act [25 U.S.C. 450 et seq.]), tribal organization, or urban Indian organization (as defined in section 1603 of title 25), a rural health clinic, a covered entity under section 256b of this title, an ambulatory surgical center described in section 1395l(i) of this title, a therapist (as defined in section 1395w–4(k)(3)(B)(iii) of this title), and any other category of health care facility, entity, practitioner, or clinician determined appropriate by the Secretary</blockquote>
* [https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/page/2019-04/ONCCuresActNPRMIBWebinar031919.pdf type of Health Care Providers from onc] (interestingly does not include the Electronic Health Repository (EHR) itself)
# a hospital
# skilled nursing facility
# nursing facility
# home health entity or other long term care facility
# health care clinic
# community mental health center
# renal dialysis facility
# blood center
# ambulatory surgical
# emergency medical services provider
# federally qualified health center
# group practice
# a pharmacist
# a pharmacy
# a laboratory
# a physician
# a practitioner
# a provider operated by, or under contract with, the Indian Health Service or by an Indian tribe, tribal organization, or urban Indian organization
# a rural health clinic
# a “covered entity” under certain statutory provisions
# an ambulatory surgical center
# a therapist
# any other category of health care facility, entity, practitioner, or clinician determined appropriate by the Secretary
# ONC is considering adjusting the [[Information Blocking]] definition of “health care provider” to cover all individuals and entities covered by the HIPAA “health care provider” definition.


[[Category:Profile]]
[[Category:Profile]]

Latest revision as of 01:34, 18 February 2021

Full Title or Meme

There are two contexts where Trustworthy Healthcare Provider is defined and so there are two memes that it covers (perhaps these two classes are isomorphic):

  1. Providers that share trust among themselves to know that Protected Health Information (PHI) can be shared as the correspondent is a recognized HIPAA-covered entity.
  2. Providers that may be trusted by patients (or other end users) with their PHI and their Consent as to permitted use.

Goals

  1. Trust Registry of IDEF (Trusted Identifiers in Cyberspace) for healthcare industry in US that is available to all inquiries at any time at low latency and at no cost to occasional users.

Context

  • The wiki page Health Care Profile establishes the context for this page.
  • Details of the Trustworthy Healthcare Ecosystem explores the full ramifications to every aspect of information exchange in the ecosystem.
  • For a healthcare trust ecosystem to have value for a provider those providers must agree among themselves as to the criteria for entry into the registry of that ecosystem.
  • For a healthcare trust ecosystem to have value for a patient, these criteria are important:
  1. The patient can know that their medical and other records are safe within any provider's Electronic Health Record (EHR) database.
  2. The user can determine the trustworthiness of other providers that are seeking access to their medical and other records.
  3. Trust begins when a doctor sees a patient for the first time with a current complaint. The patient provides some identification and subjective information about their history and health problem and then the doctor does an objective (clinical ) exam which may or may not validate the initial complaint. That is the start of a trust relationship.
  4. After the patient has visited a PCP (Primary Care Physician) they are entitled to acquire their medical records. Where the records are stored digitally, the patient must be give online access.

Real World Members

  • The patient and the physical places where the patient goes are all legal entities and have legal obligations.
  1. Patient - is the person receiving care and the one that "owns" the rights to the information. (In some cases the patient allows other users access to their PHI.)
  2. Patient Support - is source of the user phone or computer and the code running on the user's phone or computer. It is trusted to protect the patient's credentials and medical records from disclosure.
  3. Covered Entities (called providers below) - Any entities that is covered by HIPAA rules including the places that a patient goes for medical care. They will all be recognized as such in the digital world by virtue of trust certificates. Many of these will perform Identity Proofing. All will provide evidence that a user is accepted as a patient at the entity to any other registered covered entity. (For the Record Locator Service.) The services that they provide are listed below.

Names use within the Ecosystem

There are a variety of identifiers used by the real-world entities described above. These are the handles to which trust is assigned.

  1. Legal name in the jurisdiction(s) of interest. (eg 1- certificate of incorporation (Providence who owns several DBAs). 2- A DNS domain name.)
  2. Doing Business As (DBA) for the practice. ( eg Swedish Physicians) Note that this may or may not have a legal or DNS name - not sure if that is important)
  3. Specific physical location where service was provided to a patient. (eg Pine Lake Office of Swedish Physicians) (aka POP - point of presence)
  4. Endpoint were a specified digital service is provided. (eg A url consisting of: DNS scheme: host name: port number / service name # information provided by user)
  5. Specific person providing the service.
    1. The endpoints of particular interest to the user are the PHI records location and the place where appointments are made and calendars kept.
  6. PHI processing entity (eg Epic)

Problems

  • If a PCP (Private Care Practice) is the source of Identity Proofing to be used with other providers we need to create an identifier for the user with level 2 assurance.
  • Medical records can apply to both state and transaction records. Where the full state includes all of the PHI and transaction includes only updates to the PHI.
    • When the patient asks for records they have the right to get everything that is permitted by law.
    • When a physician makes a referral they typical send the relevant information relating to that condition (with patient consent).
    • When a patient creates information on their own, or with medical devices in the home they need a secure manner to share that data.
  • It is hard to describe the scope of data in a manner that can be understood by most patients. It is expected that such a list should have between 5 and 12 entries ONLY.
  • Patients have these needs that must be addressed by the ecosystem:
  1. Redress of grievances - usually data that is incorrect, mislabeled (as to severity) - It must be clear to the patient where to go for redress of any data in the EHR.
  2. Recovery of access - usually loss of access to one or more EHR - access to the record locator service might be the best place to address.
  3. Determining current state of consent grants and changing them.

Several of the above items might be distributed across a range of providers. That will mean, for example, that the place to go for redress might well depend on the data source. While consent grants might be tracked in the user agent. Altho the problem with tracking in the user agent may not agree with the understanding of the provider.

Solutions

Online Trust

  • All online service endpoints shall be equipped with capability metadata that informs communications partners as to the services offered.
  • All online service endpoints shall supply certificates that can be verified to prove compliance with minimal health industry standards.
  • All patients will be provided with proof of acceptance into a provider's practice.
  • All devices and user agent software will come with certifications of compliance.
  • All providers that authenticate patients and authorize services will make their own determination as to the patient's identity.

Patient Consent

  • We need to be able to capture the patient consent in a digital message and transfer that to another provider.
    • A taxonomy for how to represent the information requirements and risks to the patient must be in use by all providers.
    • Existing taxonomies of data types in the EHR is too technical to allow patients to make informed decisions.
  • The Patient must understands what information they have consented to share and what the risks to the patient are.
    • Also why the information is required to provide that care. (Transparency)
  • When medical records come from the patient that consent would also be captured and given to the new provider.
    • We need the ability to create a consent receipt for moving medical records from one provider to another provider.

Data Categorization

FHIR v4 has 41 categories and 6 levels of sensitivity. We might start the six levels to see if they would be sufficient to handle the needs of the users.

sev Name Definitions
L low the information has been de-identified, and there are mitigating circumstances that prevent re-identification, which minimize risk of harm from unauthorized disclosure. The information requires protection to maintain low sensitivity.

Examples: Includes anonymized, pseudonymized, or non-personally identifiable information such as HIPAA limited data sets. Map: No clear map to ISO 13606-4 Sensitivity Level (1) Care Management: RECORD_COMPONENTs that might need to be accessed by a wide range of administrative staff to manage the subject of care's access to health services. Usage Note: This metadata indicates the receiver may have an obligation to comply with a data use agreement.

M moderate moderately sensitive information, which presents moderate risk of harm if disclosed without authorization.

Examples: Includes allergies of non-sensitive nature used inform food service; health information a patient authorizes to be used for marketing, released to a bank for a health credit card or savings account; or information in personal health record systems that are not governed under health privacy laws. Map: Partial Map to ISO 13606-4 Sensitivity Level (2) Clinical Management: Less sensitive RECORD_COMPONENTs that might need to be accessed by a wider range of personnel not all of whom are actively caring for the patient (e.g. radiology staff). Usage Note: This metadata indicates that the receiver may be obligated to comply with the receiver's terms of use or privacy policies.

N normal the information is typical, non-stigmatizing health information, which presents typical risk of harm if disclosed without authorization.

Examples: In the US, this includes what HIPAA identifies as the minimum necessary protected health information (PHI) given a covered purpose of use (treatment, payment, or operations). Includes typical, non-stigmatizing health information disclosed in an application for health, workers compensation, disability, or life insurance. Map: Partial Map to ISO 13606-4 Sensitivity Level (3) Clinical Care: Default for normal clinical care access (i.e. most clinical staff directly caring for the patient should be able to access nearly all of the EHR). Maps to normal confidentiality for treatment information but not to ancillary care, payment and operations. Usage Note: This metadata indicates that the receiver may be obligated to comply with applicable jurisdictional privacy law or disclosure authorization.

R restricted highly sensitive, potentially stigmatizing information, which presents a high risk to the information subject if disclosed without authorization. May be pre-empted by jurisdictional law, e.g., for public health reporting or emergency treatment.

Examples: Includes information that is additionally protected such as sensitive conditions mental health, HIV, substance abuse, domestic violence, child abuse, genetic disease, and reproductive health; or sensitive demographic information such as a patient's standing as an employee or a celebrity. May be used to indicate proprietary or classified information that is not related to an individual, e.g., secret ingredients in a therapeutic substance; or the name of a manufacturer. Map: Partial Map to ISO 13606-4 Sensitivity Level (3) Clinical Care: Default for normal clinical care access (i.e. most clinical staff directly caring for the patient should be able to access nearly all of the EHR). Maps to normal confidentiality for treatment information but not to ancillary care, payment and operations.. Usage Note: This metadata indicates that the receiver may be obligated to comply with applicable, prevailing (default) jurisdictional privacy law or disclosure authorization..

U unrestricted the information is not classified as sensitive.

Examples: Includes publicly available information, e.g., business name, phone, email or physical address. Usage Note: This metadata indicates that the receiver has no obligation to consider additional policies when making access control decisions. Note that in some jurisdictions, personally identifiable information must be protected as confidential, so it would not be appropriate to assign a confidentiality code of "unrestricted" to that information even if it is publicly available.

V very restricted the information is extremely sensitive and likely stigmatizing health information that presents a very high risk if disclosed without authorization. This information must be kept in the highest confidence.

Examples: Includes information about a victim of abuse, patient requested information sensitivity, and taboo subjects relating to health status that must be discussed with the patient by an attending provider before sharing with the patient. May also include information held under 'legal lock' or attorney-client privilege. This metadata indicates that the receiver may not disclose this information except as directed by the information custodian, who may be the information subject.

Record Matching

No patient is fully trusted when approaching the receptionist or any health care provider beyond the personal physician. The essential problem is that mistakes happen in health care and the wrong records get attached to the wrong human being. This can cause disastrous consequences. Ensuring that the provider that is immediately attending to the patient have relevant information about the patient is essential to good outcomes.

Next Steps

The order and extent of these items is currently arbitrary and pending review by industry experts.

  1. Approve broad plan for proceeding.
  2. Collect sources of names in the US Healthcare industry today.
  3. Collect the best practices for names in other industries or standards groups.
  4. Identify gaps, one specific one is the lack of any taxonomy of data types for the user, as opposed to the ones used by the providers and payers.
  5. Fill the gaps

References

Internal References

On Kantara wiki pages.

External References

  • A comprehensive report on OpenID HEART which uses Kantara UMA and federated authorization.
  • Heart Specs at the OpenID foundation.
  • Best Practice in HealthCare
  • Compliant Implementation of Trust Registry
  • Electronic Health Records - EHR
  • FHIR
  • FirstNet
  • Health Care Digital Identity
  • Health Care Identity Management
  • Health Care Native App Example
  • Medical Records Identifier
  • Patient Experience
  • Patient (or Protected) Health Information - PHI
  • The UK HSCN Internet Access Form In the UK only known sites are permitted to handle health information.

    The HSCN Internet Access Form has replaced the Data Security Centre (DSC) HSCN ANME Firewall Change Request Form. The form can be used if your CNSP has advised you are trying to access something that has been blacklisted, the port you are trying to access is not an allowed any/any port or you had access to a site on the Transition Network (previously N3) however you do not have the same access on HSCN.

  • TEFCA, Trusted Exchange Framework and Common Agreement for an FHIR interaction with the transfer of PHI between Secure Nodes

    The TEF Draft 2 supports the Cures Act’s goal of advancing nationwide interoperability and is a key component of HHS’ and the Administration’s broader strategy to facilitate nationwide interoperability. HINs must agree on a minimum set of principles that enable trust in order to facilitate interoperability and the exchange of EHI necessary to support the entire care continuum. The TEF Draft 2 establishes a uniform set of principles that all HINs should adhere to allow for the trusted and secure electronic exchange of health information. Adherence to these principles will help improve the flow of EHI, providing patients with secure access to their information when and where they need it most.

  • Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300jj) Health Care Provider Definition

    The term “health care provider” includes a hospital, skilled nursing facility, nursing facility, home health entity or other long term care facility, health care clinic, community mental health center (as defined in section 300x–2(b)(1) of this title), renal dialysis facility, blood center, ambulatory surgical center described in section 1395l(i) of this title, emergency medical services provider, Federally qualified health center, group practice, a pharmacist, a pharmacy, a laboratory, a physician (as defined in section 1395x(r) of this title), a practitioner (as described in section 1395u(b)(18)(C) of this title), a provider operated by, or under contract with, the Indian Health Service or by an Indian tribe (as defined in the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act [25 U.S.C. 450 et seq.]), tribal organization, or urban Indian organization (as defined in section 1603 of title 25), a rural health clinic, a covered entity under section 256b of this title, an ambulatory surgical center described in section 1395l(i) of this title, a therapist (as defined in section 1395w–4(k)(3)(B)(iii) of this title), and any other category of health care facility, entity, practitioner, or clinician determined appropriate by the Secretary

  • type of Health Care Providers from onc (interestingly does not include the Electronic Health Repository (EHR) itself)
  1. a hospital
  2. skilled nursing facility
  3. nursing facility
  4. home health entity or other long term care facility
  5. health care clinic
  6. community mental health center
  7. renal dialysis facility
  8. blood center
  9. ambulatory surgical
  10. emergency medical services provider
  11. federally qualified health center
  12. group practice
  13. a pharmacist
  14. a pharmacy
  15. a laboratory
  16. a physician
  17. a practitioner
  18. a provider operated by, or under contract with, the Indian Health Service or by an Indian tribe, tribal organization, or urban Indian organization
  19. a rural health clinic
  20. a “covered entity” under certain statutory provisions
  21. an ambulatory surgical center
  22. a therapist
  23. any other category of health care facility, entity, practitioner, or clinician determined appropriate by the Secretary
  24. ONC is considering adjusting the Information Blocking definition of “health care provider” to cover all individuals and entities covered by the HIPAA “health care provider” definition.